Particular features:
Indonesian is a standardised variation of Malay (to which it is very similar). It is an Austronesian (or malayo-polynesian) language which was used for many centuries in the Indonesian archipelago and was promoted to official language at the time of the country's independence in 1945. Over time it has borrowed extensively from other languages such as Sanskrit (in the field of art and religion), Arabic (with regard to Islam), Dutch, Portuguese (daily life and trade) and Chinese (cuisine and concepts), but also Italian and Spanish. In some regards it is a very modern language, with a simple grammar and phonology. It is said that the basics for getting by may be learnt in just a few weeks. As Indonesian has taken many words from other languages, often there are many synonyms of differing origin. For example, there are as many as three words for "book": pustaka (from Sanskrit), kitab (from Arabic) and buku (from Dutch). The three words, however, have slightly different meanings. Pustaka is usually used for texts relating to ancient wisdom or esoteric culture. Kitab is a religious or moral book (e.g. the Bible is known as Alkitab, and the penal code is also known as kitab). Buku, on the other hand, is a book in the more general sense of the word
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